Supporters, including the California Chamber of Commerce, argue that the current CEQA process is bogged down by bureaucracy and litigation, leading to unnecessary delays and increased costs. They contend that streamlining these reviews will reduce expenses for consumers and potentially lower the cost of new homes. Proponents cite cases where legal challenges have taken years to resolve, hindering development.

Conversely, opponents, comprising environmental groups and some labor unions, express concerns that Proposition 45 would diminish the power of the public and courts in environmental decision-making. They argue the measure grants project applicants, including developers and public agencies, too much control, potentially weakening environmental protections and community input.

The proposition would allow project applicants to choose streamlined procedures, including analyzing only one project alternative and adhering to environmental standards in place at the time of application. It also mandates courts to resolve related cases within 270 calendar days. Public agencies undertaking their own projects would also have the option to utilize these expedited procedures, potentially gaining speed and certainty in their development timelines.